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2 Supplemental Manual for the Cave Mode Function (V1.0)
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3 =====================================================
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4
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5 The intended use of hwos Cave Mode is to monitor if the gases that are carried
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6 by the diver are sufficient to end the dive, especially taking into account the
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7 amount of gases that will be needed to finish decompression stops.
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8
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9 The Cave Mode function extends the normal deco and gas needs calculating made for
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10 open water vertical ascent, by tracking back the whole depth profile of the dive
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11 and including final and/or intermediate deco stops that may become necessary.
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12 The cave mode function may be used in OC diving as well as in CCR/pSCR mode. When
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13 using it in CCR/pSCR mode, it will calculate the way back in bailout mode.
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14
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15 || NOTICE:
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16 || With cave mode switched on, the normal 3 meter step size of deco stop spacing
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17 || changes to a 1 meter spacing, reducing the indicated required stop time in front
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18 || of passages that are less than 3 meters shallower than the current stop depth.
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19
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20 In order to produce accurate results, the user has to understand the following
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21 concepts and settings, and has to configure these settings with appropriate values:
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22
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23 - While on the way in, the depth profile will be sampled once every minute. For
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24 the return way calculation, it is assumed that the diver will travel at the same
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25 speed as on the way in and will travel along the same depth profile as on the way
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26 in.
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27
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28 || IMPORTANT:
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29 || The cave mode provides capacity for 4 hours of depth profile recording.
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30 || 10 minutes before storage capacity is exhausted (i.e. after 4 hours), an
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31 || attention message will be given. When the storage capacity becomes fully
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32 || used up, the cave mode function switches itself off and a respective warning
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33 || is shown.
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34
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35 If the cave mode function has switched itself off due to running out of storage
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36 capacity, it can be recovered on exiting the cave: When manually switching it on
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37 again, it comes back on again in turned state (see below), showing gas needs and
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38 TTS as of the position where it had switched off.
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39
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40 - Gas needs for the travel portions of the return way are calculated using the SAC
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41 work rate. While spending time on required deco stops, the SAC deco rate is used.
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42 Both SAC values, SAC work and SAC deco, need to be set by the diver to consumption
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43 rates that match personal rates, taking into account elevated rates due to stress
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44 etc., especially when using the cave mode function for bailout capacity checking.
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45
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46 || WARNING:
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47 || If the actual SAC rate is higher than the configured on, or if traveling back
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48 || slower than on the way in, the real needs will be under-estimated and the
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49 || diver may run into an out-of-air situation if taking the dive to the limits!
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50
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51 - Every tank needs to be configured with its size and with the amount of pressure
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52 that is in it. The cave function will use these numbers to calculate how much gas
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53 will be available from each tank to be used for the way back.
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54
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55 || IMPORTANT:
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56 || For tanks that is breathed from while on the way in, the tank pressures have
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57 || to be set to the turn pressures that have been determined for the respective
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58 || tanks during dive planning!
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59
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60 - While on the way in, the cave function constantly recalculates how much gas from
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61 each tank will be needed to exit the cave. Upon reaching 70% utilization on any
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62 tank, an attention message (color-coded in yellow) will be given. Upon reaching
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63 100% utilization, a warning message (color-coded in red) will be issued.
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64
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65 - In case Dive Setup -> SAC Setup -> Swap on empty is set to yes, at the time a tank
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66 is calculated to be fully used up, the calculations will try to switch to another
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67 tank that still contains some gas according to the calculations. If such a tank
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68 exists, the remaining way out will be calculated based on this tank and hence on the
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69 gas in that tank, which may be sub-optimal in terms of decompression. If such a tank
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70 does not exist, or if the swap-function is set no 'no', the remaining gas needs will
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71 continue to get added on the depleted tank, resulting in displayed required tank
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72 pressure higher than configured pressure available.
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73
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74 - When turning the dive, i.e. upon starting on the way back out of the cave again,
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75 the cave function needs to set into 'turned' state. This will stop the cave function
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76 to assume that the actual way out is still part of the way in and subsequently will
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77 stop taking further depth recordings and figuring them in for gas needs calculation.
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78
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79 || WARNING:
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80 || The diver shall turn the dive ultimately latest when any one of the gases
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81 || calculates to be fully needed! In this situation, the diver will be without
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82 || any reserves! It is advised to set the tank pressures a bit lower than their
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83 || actual fill pressure is, and to set the SAC rates a bit higher, to put the
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84 || calculation results onto the safe side.
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85
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86 - When setting the dive as 'turned', the indicated gas needs are likely to still rise.
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87 This will be due to the fact that the cave function still calculates the gas needs
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88 for all the way back from turn point to the surface, not knowing how much of this
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89 way has been traveled already. In consequence, the tissue saturations that are gained
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90 on the portion of the way back that has already been traveled are calculated twice,
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91 resulting in an increased estimated deco obligation at the end of the dive. This
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92 effect can be overcome by using 'waypoints' (see below).
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93
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94 || IMPORTANT:
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95 || Without having set at least one waypoint (see below) before setting the dive
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96 || as turned, it is not possible to revoke the 'turned' state again!
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97
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98 - When the cave mode is switched off, the gas needs calculation reverts to the open
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99 water vertical ascent mode, i.e. no dedicated time for horizontal movement is
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100 figured in any more. It is appropriate to switch off cave mode when the remaining
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101 horizontal movements (further swimming out of the cave) can be done in parallel with
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102 doing the decompression "stops". This way, calculation results will become independent
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103 of the remaining way to go, and thus accurate again.
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104
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105 || NOTICE:
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106 || When being back near the cave entrance, with only final decompression stops
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107 || remaining to be done, and with the remaining way being doable while doing the
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108 || decompression stops, it is appropriate to switch off the cave mode.
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109
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110 - The cave mode function can be switched off and on again at any time of the dive.
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111 Temporary switching off the cave mode while the dive is not set as turned yet can
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112 be used to pause the recording, e.g. while undertaking some tasks that take time
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113 on the way in, but not while on the way out, e.g. fixing the line or doing survey
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114 tasks.
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115
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116 - To tell the cave mode calculations where the diver is while on the way out, waypoints
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117 can be set while on the way in. Initially on setting the dive as turned, the gas needs
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118 are calculated for the full way back. Then the diver can select one of the waypoints
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119 and the cave mode function will calculate how much gas will be needed to return from
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120 this waypoint. Upon physically reaching the respective waypoint, indicated gas needs
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121 will become accurate again for this position in the cave, given that the rules discussed
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122 above are obeyed.
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123
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124 || IMPORTANT:
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125 || Waypoints should be set at regular distances and/or important features in the cave
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126 || profile, e.g. at places where intermediate deco stops are expected. While on the
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127 || way back out of the cave, whenever a waypoint is reached, the cave function shall
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128 || be updated to this waypoint. This way the indicated gas needs will always stay near
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129 || the expected real needs, but on the safe side, given that the rules discussed above
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130 || are met.
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131
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132 || IMPORTANT:
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133 || The cave mode function provides for 30 waypoints. Every waypoint that is set
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134 || reduces the available storage capacity by the equivalent of four minutes of depth
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135 || profile recording time. Thus, when all 30 waypoints are used, the depth profile
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136 || storage capacity reduces to 2 hours for the inwards part of the dive.
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137
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138 || IMPORTANT:
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139 || To establish a relationship between the numbering of the waypoints within the cave
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140 || mode function and their physical positions in the cave, it is recommended to place
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141 || cookies that are marked with the respective waypoint numbers.
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142
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143 - Every time a waypoint is set, also a marker will be set in the normal logbook recording.
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144
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145 - If at least one waypoint has been set, the 'turned' state of the dive can be revoked
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146 again. To revoke the turned state and thus continue the dive in inward direction, the
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147 diver has to physically go back to a previously created waypoint in the cave and select
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148 that waypoint in the cave mode function, too, to keep the backtracking data in sync with
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149 reality.
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150
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151 || NOTICE:
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152 || The turned state can not be revoked while being at the original turn point of
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153 || the dive. Going back to a previous waypoint is required.
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154
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155 - When the 'turned' state is revoked, the depth profile recording resumes. The new recordings
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156 are appended after the waypoint where the dive was resumed.
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157
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158 || IMPORTANT:
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159 || The depth profile and all waypoints that were originally recorded after the waypoint
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160 || from which the dive is resumed again in inward direction are lost. The respective
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161 || recording space will be freed up and used for the recording of the new leg.
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162
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163 - This feature can e.g. be used for exploring different branches of a cave:
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164
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165 1) set a waypoint at the forking point of the branches,
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166 2) explore the first branch (further waypoints may be set),
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167 3) when done, set the dive as turned,
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168 4) return to the forking point,
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169 5) recall the respective waypoint that was set at the forking point,
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170 6) check if gas reserves allow for exploring another branch,
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171 7) select 'continue' to revoke the turned state and start the recording
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172 for the next branch to be explored now.
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173
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174 Steps 2) to 7) may be repeated several times.
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175
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176 - The cave mode function can account for gases that are temporary unavailable because
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177 their tanks have been staged. On page two of the dive menu item 'Gaslist', tanks
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178 can be toggled between available, staged (disabled color and "S" marking for staged),
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179 and lost (disabled color and "x" marking aka crossed-out).
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180
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181 - If a tank is set to lost state, it will not be considered in deco as well as gas
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182 needs calculation any more. This state is revocable.
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183
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184 - If a tank is set to staged state, it will currently not be considered any more,
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185 but: Whenever a waypoint is set, a snapshot of the staged / not staged state of
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186 all tanks is taken. When the cave mode function works it way through the stored
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187 cave profile recording and hits a waypoint entry, it extracts this snapshots again
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188 and continues choosing gases for deco and gas needs calculation based on these
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189 snapshots.
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190
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191 || IMNPORTANT:
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192 || When staging a tank:
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193 ||
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194 || 1) Set a waypoint.
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195 ||
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196 || Within this waypoint the tank will be recorded as (still) being available,
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197 || that is it will be available (again) upon passing this waypoint on the way
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198 || out again.
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199 ||
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200 || 2) Set the tank as staged.
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201 ||
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202 || This will set the tank as being not available during the portion of the dive
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203 || that lies to the inside of the above waypoint.
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204
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205 || NOTICE:
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206 || While a tank is set as staged, no better gas cue will be generated for it!
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207
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208 || IMPORTANT:
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209 || When a tank is picked up again, it needs to be set to available state again
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210 || in order to positively confirm that it really is available again!
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211
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212 - When diving in OC mode or when in bailout mode, selecting a gas that is still set
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213 as staged automatically reverts that gas to the available state. The same holds
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214 true for gases that were declared as lost: on selecting them, they are also set
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215 to the available state again.
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216
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217 || IMPORTANT:
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218 || When diving in CCR or pSCR mode and initiating a bailout, the dive will be
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219 || automatically set to turned state (given cave mode is switch on and the dive
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220 || is not already turned)!
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221
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222 || IMPORTANT:
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223 || While the cave mode is switched on and the dive is in turned state, the fTTS
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224 || calculation will be suppressed - gas needs are calculated on the basis of an
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225 || immediate return to the exit.
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226
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227
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228
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229 Operating the Cave Mode Function:
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230 ---------------------------------
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231
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232 The Cave Mode Function is activated by setting the the surface menu item
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233
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234 Dive Setup -> Dive Setup (again) -> Cave Mode to 'on'
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235
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236 It will then be active right from the start of the following dives. All further
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237 operation is done during the dive via a dedicated cave mode menu. This menu can
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238 be accessed via the left button: after pressing the left button for 'Menu?',
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239 press it again to show up 'Cave?', then press the right button to enter the cave
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240 mode menu. In OC mode, the cave mode menu is also reachable via the main dive menu,
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241 using the menu item 'Cave Mode'.
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242
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243 Depending on the 'dive turned' state, certain menu items are available or not.
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244 This will be indicated by the color coding of the respective menu items.
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245
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246 When the cave mode menu is active, the custom view is temporary replaced by a
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247 graphical representation of the waypoint situation. The last waypoint placed is
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248 shown in the middle of the display. The "-|" symbol depicts the end of the line,
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249 representing the deepest penetration point during the dive. The green arrow shows
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250 for which position in the cave the return gas needs are calculated.
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251
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252 In the message field, either a "cTTS xx'" or "WPyy xx'" is shown. While the dive
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253 is not turned yet, cTTS (Cave Time-to-Surface) is shown, with xx being the total
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254 time in minutes required for swimming all the way back and doing the decompression
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255 stops, if required. When the dive is turned, WP is shown to indicate that the TTS
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256 is computed from off the waypoint yy. If yy reads the symbol -|, the TTS is computed
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257 from off the turn point of the dive.
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258
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259 All cave mode functions are usable in simulator mode, too. Opposite to that, the
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260 deco calculator does not support cave mode, it calculates vertical open water ascents
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261 only.
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262
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263 || IMPORTANT:
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264 || It is strongly advised to familiarize with the cave mode functions by using
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265 || the OSTC simulator mode!
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